Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

基于B/S的农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台设计与应用

农业气象自动化观测系统国家级平台是依托中国气象局组织的农业气象自动化观测试点工作而设计开发,平台的搭建采用B/S架构实现多级用户、跨平台登录,采用XML及JSON等数据传输格式实现国家级、省级、台站级用户信息交互,实现农业气象观测XML数据传输状态的监控、台站端设备状态的评估以及数据内容的实时查询。     

Zerumbone attenuates MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

Population dynamics of the potato cyst nematode,Globodera pallida,in relation to temperature,potato cultivar and nematicide application

The impact of increasing temperatures on the population dynamics of the soil-dwelling nematode Globodera pallida, a persistent and economically important pest of potatoes, was investigated. The reproductive factor (final population⁄initial population) and length of life cycle were found to be temperature sensitive. Pot experiments performed over 4 months allowed comparison of the effect on development of G. pallida of two temperature regimes: an average temperature comparable to current field conditions (14.3 °C) and an average temperature above current field conditions (17.3 °C). A larger second generation of juveniles was observed at 17.3 °C compared to 14.3 °C. Multiplication of G. pallida at field sites in Shropshire and East Lothian (average soil temperatures of 15.5 and 14.1 °C, respectively, during potato cropping) was also examined. A quantitative PCR assay and visual examination of roots were used to monitor the dynamics of the G. pallida populations in both field sites at 4-weekly intervals. Four cultivars, Desirée, Cara, Maris Piper and Estima, were grown with and without nematicide treatments. Nematicide treatments suppressed population increases at both sites. Females were observed on the roots of cvs Cara and Desirée at the end of the growing season in Shropshire, but not at East Lothian, and are likely to represent a second generation.     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

京津冀地区植被NDVI动态变化及其与气候因子的关系

[目的] 探究气候变化对植被覆盖变化的驱动机制，可为揭示区域乃至全球植被覆盖动态变化及其与气候变化之间的响应机制提供依据。[方法] 以MODIS NDVI，SRTM DEM，降水和气温为数据源，运用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析法、Mann-Kendall显著性检验法、R/S分析法和Pearson相关分析法等数学分析方法，结合ANUSPLIN气象插值模型，研究2001—2019年京津冀地区植被NDVI时空演变特征及预测未来变化趋势，并探究植被NDVI与降水和气温最大相关关系及时滞效应。[结果] ①2001—2019年京津冀地区植被NDVI整体呈波动上升趋势，上升速率为0.002 2/a，且未来植被NDVI呈改善趋势的面积略小于呈退化趋势的面积；②降水和气温对京津冀地区植被生长以正向促进作用为主，且降水对植被生长的作用强度高于气温；③植被NDVI对降水变化的滞后期略长于气温，京津冀地区植被生长受前3月的降水和前1月的气温影响最大。[结论] 在林业生态工程实施背景下，2001—2019年京津冀地区植被覆盖整体呈改善态势，尤以西北部为著；植被NDVI与降水和气温相关关系呈现出明显的地域差异，且植被生长相对降水和气温变化存在一定的滞后效应。     

不同运输条件对合浦珠母贝稚贝存活比较

比较运输方式及环境温度对合浦珠母贝稚贝运输中的存活影响,从而为稚贝运输过程中的运输方式、环境温度及运输时间的把握提供借鉴和参考。以3月龄稚贝为实验材料,运用无水干露、加水淹没及包装充氧等3种方式,分别在环境温度为5、13、21和29℃下模拟运输。每隔3 h从每组运输条件下取出1组实验贝,转移到正常养殖环境下暂养恢复,经48 h后统计其存活率。对运输时间与存活率之间进行非线性参数曲线拟合,计算每组运输条件下的致死时间(T_0)、半致死时间(T_(0.5))及全致死时间(T_1);运用双因素方差分析,Duncan氏方法比较3种运输方式及4种环境温度间的均值。结果显示:包装充氧优于其他两种运输方式,而加水淹没又优于无水干露;温度为13℃和21℃时优于其他2个环境温度,环境温度为17.60～20.05℃是稚贝运输的最佳温度。     

EC细网格模式2m气温预报产品在崂山地区的验证

选取2015—2019年青岛市崂山区10个气象自动站的日气温数据和EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品,验证EC细网格模式2 m气温预报产品最低温度和最高温度在青岛崂山地区的准确率,同时分析崂山地区温度的时间、空间分布特征,对预报产品进行订正,在实际业务中进行推广,提高预报的准确率,做好公众气象服务。结果表明,气温存在年变化差异和季节内差异,同一种温度下,春季和夏季的区域分布比较类似,秋季和冬季的区域分布比较类似;崂山区内EC细网格24 h最低温度预报值偏高,最高温度预报值偏低,最低温度的预报总体准确率比最高温度的预报总体准确率要高,西部地区的预报准确率要高于东部地区的准确率;通过订正后,发现最低温度4个季节的预报准确率都在50%以上,最高温度订正后的准确率,除夏季59%以外,其他各季节均在75%以上。     

玉林市2017年低温霜冻对马铃薯生产的影响分析

根据玉林市发展马铃薯的自然资源条件,分析2017年冬种马铃薯生长期玉林市温度、降水、日照时数及地面温度等气候要素变化,探讨该时期低温霜冻天气及对马铃薯的影响,提出发展冬种马铃薯防御霜冻危害的对策建议。     

金花茶对低温胁迫的生理响应及耐寒性分析

为探究金花茶幼苗对低温胁迫的生理响应及其耐寒性,本研究以2 a生金花茶幼苗为材料,进行6~-9℃低温胁迫处理,测定了细胞伤害率(CIR)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、束缚水(BW)/自由水(FW)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(SS)等指标,并进行了低温半致死温度(LT₅₀)和抗寒生理指标相关性分析。结果表明,3~12 h的低温LT₅₀为-6.62~-3.94℃,且随着时间的延长而升高。随着温度的降低, CIR、SS含量及POD、CAT活性总体呈上升趋势, BW/FW、MDA、Pro含量呈先上升后下降趋势, SOD活性总体呈下降趋势;随着胁迫时间的延长,CIR含量呈上升趋势,3~-9℃的SOD活性、0~-9℃的POD活性、-6~-9℃的BW/FW比值呈下降趋势,6~-6℃的SS含量变化较小,-9℃的SS含量呈下降趋势。相关性分析表明,CIR可作为耐寒性鉴定的主要指标,BW、SS、SOD、POD、CAT可作为辅助指标。本研究结果为金花茶引种区域和耐寒性鉴定指标的确定提供了理论依据。